一名法官推翻了阿肯色州对同性婚姻的禁令,称该州没有 "合理的理由 "阻止同性恋伴侣结婚。第二天,阿肯色州向克里斯汀-西顿和珍妮弗-兰博颁发了第一张同性结婚证。
首先是爱 ....
Milena O'Hara - -
一名法官推翻了阿肯色州对同性婚姻的禁令,称该州没有 "合理的理由 "阻止同性恋伴侣结婚。第二天,阿肯色州向克里斯汀-西顿和珍妮弗-兰博颁发了第一张同性结婚证。
首先是爱 ....
Milena O'Hara - -
如果您的代孕者在加州分娩,您的安排将受到加州法定要求的约束。在开始你的代孕安排时,如有任何初步问题,请随时联系我们。
家庭法
第7960-7962条7960.在本部分中,以下术语具有以下含义
以下含义:
(a) "辅助生殖协议 "的含义与第7606条(b)项的定义相同。
(a) "辅助生殖协议 "的含义与第7606条(b)项中的定义相同。
(b) "资金管理协议 "是指预期父母与代孕中介之间的协议。
(b) "资金管理协议 "是指预期的父母与代孕促进者之间关于提供服务的费用或其他有价对价的协议。
酬金或其他有价值的对价,由代孕中介提供或将提供的服务
代孕促进者提供的服务的费用或其他有价报酬。
(c) "意向父母 "是指一个已婚或未婚的个人、
表明有意作为辅助生殖产生的孩子的父母而受到法律约束的人。
意思是一个已婚或未婚的人,他表示有意作为辅助生殖所产生的孩子的父母而受到法律约束。
(d) "非律师代孕促进者 "是指非律师的代孕从业者。
非律师代孕促进者 "是指一个代孕从业者,他不是一个有良好信誉的律师,在本州有执业资格
在本州从事法律工作。
(e) "代孕促进者 "是指一个人或组织,该组织
从事下列活动之一的个人或组织:
(1) 为招揽协助生殖协议的各方而做广告
(1) 为招揽协助生殖协议的各方而做广告,或在协助生殖协议各方之间充当中间人
(1) 为招揽辅助生殖协议的当事人或作为辅助生殖协议当事人的中介而做广告。
(2) 为提供与辅助生殖协议有关的服务收取费用或其他有价值的报酬。
提供与辅助生殖协议有关的服务。
(f) "代孕 "是指通过医学辅助生殖为他人生育和携带孩子的妇女
代孕 "是指通过医学辅助生殖并根据书面协议为他人生育和携带孩子的妇女。
第7606和7962条规定的书面协议。在这个
代孕的定义有两种不同的和不同的类型:
(1) "传统代孕 "是指同意孕育一个胚胎的妇女。
(1) "传统代孕 "是指同意孕育一个胚胎的妇女,在这种情况下,该妇女是配子捐赠者,而该胚胎是由
在这种情况下,妇女是配子捐献者,而胚胎是使用预期父亲的精子或由预期父母安排的捐献者创造的。
在这种情况下,妇女是配子捐献者,而胚胎是使用预定父亲的精子或由预定父母安排的捐献者创造的。
(2) "妊娠携带者 "是指一个不属于预期父母的妇女,她同意妊娠。
(2) "妊娠携带者 "是指一个非预期父母的妇女,她同意根据援助计划孕育一个在基因上与她无关的胚胎。
(2) "妊娠带菌者 "是指一个非预期父母的妇女,她同意根据辅助生殖协议,孕育一个与她没有基因关系的胚胎。7961.(a) 非律师代孕促进者应指导客户将所有客户的资金存入以下任何一项
客户将所有客户的资金存入以下任何一个地方:
(1) 一个独立的、保税的代管存款,由一个有执照的、独立的、保税的代管公司维持。
(1) 由有执照的、独立的、保税的代管公司维持的独立的、保税的代管存款。
(2) 一个由律师保管的信托账户。
(b) 就本节而言,非律师的代孕促进者不得有经济利益。
在持有客户资金的任何托管公司中,非律师代孕促进者不得拥有经济利益。
持有客户资金。非律师代孕促进者和任何
其董事或雇员不得成为任何持有客户资金的代管公司的代理人。
掌握客户资金的任何托管公司的代理人。
(c) 客户资金只能由律师或代管公司支付。
资助生殖协议和资金管理协议中规定的客户资金只能由律师或代管人支付。
管理协议。
(d) 本条不适用于以下两种情况的资金
以下情况不适用:
(1) 在基金管理协议中没有规定的。
(2) 直接支付给医生的医疗服务或支付给心理医生的心理服务。
(2) 直接支付给提供医疗服务的医生或提供心理服务的心理学家。7962. (a) An assisted reproduction agreement for gestational
carriers shall contain, but shall not be limited to, all of the
following information:
(1) The date on which the assisted reproduction agreement for
gestational carriers was executed.
(2) The persons from which the gametes originated, unless
anonymously donated.
(3) The identity of the intended parent or parents.
(b) Prior to executing the written assisted reproduction agreement
for gestational carriers, a surrogate and the intended parent or
intended parents shall be represented by separate independent
licensed attorneys of their choosing.
(c) The assisted reproduction agreement for gestational carriers
shall be executed by the parties and the signatures on the assisted
reproduction agreement for gestational carriers shall be notarized or
witnessed by an equivalent method of affirmation as required in the
jurisdiction where the assisted reproduction agreement for
gestational carriers is executed.
(d) The parties to an assisted reproduction agreement for
gestational carriers shall not undergo an embryo transfer procedure,
or commence injectable medication in preparation for an embryo
transfer for assisted reproduction purposes, until the assisted
reproduction agreement for gestational carriers has been fully
executed as required by subdivisions (b) and (c) of this section.
(e) An action to establish the parent-child relationship between
the intended parent or parents and the child as to a child conceived
pursuant to an assisted reproduction agreement for gestational
carriers may be filed before the child’s birth and may be filed in
the county where the child is anticipated to be born, the county
where the intended parent or intended parents reside, the county
where the surrogate resides, the county where the assisted
reproduction agreement for gestational carriers is executed, or the
county where medical procedures pursuant to the agreement are to be
performed. A copy of the assisted reproduction agreement for
gestational carriers shall be lodged in the court action filed for
the purpose of establishing the parent-child relationship. The
parties to the assisted reproduction agreement for gestational
carriers shall attest, under penalty of perjury, and to the best of
their knowledge and belief, as to the parties’ compliance with this
section in entering into the assisted reproduction agreement for
gestational carriers. Submitting those declarations shall not
constitute a waiver, under Section 912 of the Evidence Code, of the
lawyer-client privilege described in Article 3 (commencing with
Section 950) of Chapter 4 of Division 8 of the Evidence Code.
(f) (1) A notarized assisted reproduction agreement for
gestational carriers signed by all the parties, with the attached
declarations of independent attorneys, and lodged with the superior
court in accordance with this section, shall rebut any presumptions
contained within Part 2 (commencing with Section 7540), subdivision
(b) of Section 7610, and Sections 7611 and 7613, as to the
gestational carrier surrogate, her spouse, or partner being a parent
of the child or children.
(2) Upon petition of any party to a properly executed assisted
reproduction agreement for gestational carriers, the court shall
issue a judgment or order establishing a parent-child relationship,
whether pursuant to Section 7630 or otherwise. The judgment or order
may be issued before or after the child’s or children’s birth subject
to the limitations of Section 7633. Subject to proof of compliance
with this section, the judgment or order shall establish the
parent-child relationship of the intended parent or intended parents
identified in the surrogacy agreement and shall establish that the
surrogate, her spouse, or partner is not a parent of, and has no
parental rights or duties with respect to, the child or children. The
judgment or order shall terminate any parental rights of the
surrogate and her spouse or partner without further hearing or
evidence, unless the court or a party to the assisted reproduction
agreement for gestational carriers has a good faith, reasonable
belief that the assisted reproduction agreement for gestational
carriers or attorney declarations were not executed in accordance
with this section. Upon motion by a party to the assisted
reproduction agreement for gestational carriers, the matter shall be
scheduled for hearing before a judgment or order is issued. Nothing
in this section shall be construed to prevent a court from finding
and declaring that the intended parent is or intended parents are the
parent or parents of the child where compliance with this section
has not been met; however, the court shall require sufficient proof
entitling the parties to the relief sought.
(g) The petition, relinquishment or consent, agreement, order,
report to the court from any investigating agency, and any power of
attorney and deposition filed in the office of the clerk of the court
pursuant to this part shall not be open to inspection by any person
other than the parties to the proceeding and their attorneys and the
State Department of Social Services, except upon the written
authority of a judge of the superior court. A judge of the superior
court shall not authorize anyone to inspect the petition,
relinquishment or consent, agreement, order, report to the court from
any investigating agency, or power of attorney or deposition, or any
portion of those documents, except in exceptional circumstances and
where necessary. The petitioner may be required to pay the expense of
preparing the copies of the documents to be inspected.
(h) Upon the written request of any party to the proceeding and
the order of any judge of the superior court, the clerk of the court
shall not provide any documents referred to in subdivision (g) for
inspection or copying to any other person, unless the name of the
gestational carrier or any information tending to identify the
gestational carrier is deleted from the documents or copies thereof.
(i) An assisted reproduction agreement for gestational carriers
executed in accordance with this section is presumptively valid and
shall not be rescinded or revoked without a court order. For purposes
of this part, any failure to comply with the requirements of this
section shall rebut the presumption of the validity of the assisted
reproduction agreement for gestational carriers.
Milena O'Hara - -
根据德国法律,德国父母通过代孕成为美国出生的孩子的父母的唯一途径是通过收养程序。即使有加州的出生证明表明他们是唯一的合法父母,意向父母也不能推翻适用的德国法律(《德国宪法》第19条第1款),因此不能根据《德国宪法》第36条第1款确立孩子的德国公民身份。1 S. 1 PStG。OLG斯图加特。
强烈建议德国夫妇在美国进行代孕之前,寻求当地的咨询。
Milena O'Hara - -
纽约州不允许有偿代孕。但是,这并没有阻止1000多人在其他州和国家寻求代孕。夫妇们通常在返回纽约时已经确定了他们的父母权利。然而,对于在印度追求代孕的同性恋夫妇来说,非亲生父亲必须在纽约接受继父母对孩子的收养。纽约是如何处理这个问题的?在最近的一项法庭裁决中,法官允许一位共同父母收养他和他的伴侣通过付费代孕安排带来的孩子,尽管这在纽约是非法的。希望这将有助于引导有利于代孕的立法之路。
加州是最友好的州:1993年的一个案例,即约翰逊诉卡尔弗特案,裁定付费代孕安排是合法的,孩子的预期父母是唯一合法的父母。
在此阅读更多信息。
Milena O'Hara - -
你知道每30个出生的婴儿中就有一个是双胞胎吗?由于年长的母亲(她们自然倾向于有多胞胎)、试管婴儿和生育药物,现在比1981年多了1,009,337个双胞胎。这是一个很大的双胞胎越野车!(The Atlantic)